Introduction

A "scale" can be described as that set of pitches to which a musician limits themselves in the creation of a melody, in some given musical context, or even in an entire piece. That set of pitches is determined by a combination of the musical-culture in which the musician lives, the idiosyncrasies of the instruments at their disposal, and the musician's personal choices.

Even a cursory investigation of human music across space (different locales around the world) and time (down through history) shows that one way of giving a style of music a unique character is the use of different scales. For example, the "blues scale" is one important element of what gives the "blues" its unique character, and the unique scales of the gamelan are an important element of that genre.

Humans have used countless different scales in the creation of their music. The question naturally arises how many possible scales there might be. If we admit of any possible tuning system on any possible musical instrument, the number of possible scales is of course infinite. But if we limit ourselves to, say, the standard pitch set of Western music for the past couple centuries — the equal-tempered piano keyboard — it is possible to determine a finite number, and to enumerate all the possible scales.

"Octave equivalence" being a virtually universal principal of human music, it is common practice to assume that a scale is a set of pitches within an octave span to which a musician limits themselves, the tacit assumption being that the same intervalic pattern of pitches is repeated at the octaves as desired. Thus the "C-major scale" can start on a "C" in any octave you choose — the intervalic pattern of whole and half steps is always the same.

So, we'll find it convenient to unambiguously describe a scale by the number of semitones required for each degree (step). For example, the major scale is 2,2,1,2,2,2,1 — starting on any given note (the first "degree"), the second degree is 2 semitones above the first, the third is 2 semitones above the second, the fourth is 1 semitone above the third, and so on.

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/1.jpg

Furthermore, we may want to consider (and possibly limit) the distance between any two successive degrees of a scale. In the major scale (2,2,1,2,2,2,1), that largest step is 2 semitones, or a whole step. In the pentatonic scale (2,3,2,2) the maximum step size is 3 semitones, or a minor third:

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/2.jpg

We will call this the "leap" of a scale (that is, a scale's "largest step" is its "leap"). So the leap of the pentatonic scale is 3.

Finally, many scales are related to each other by being modes of each other. For example, if our scale is the "white notes" on the piano keyboard (also known as the "diatonic scale"), seven modes can be obtained: the first by beginning on C (CDEFGABC), the second by beginning on D (DEFGABCD), and so forth. (This particular set of modes is known as the "ecclesiastical modes".) Thus seven modes can be unambiguously described by the one diatonic scale, with the understanding that the modes are derived by beginning each mode on each of the seven degrees of the scale. Modes which are related by being modes of each other are called "siblings" of each other. Thus the Dorian ecclesiastical mode is a sibling of the Locrian ecclesiastical mode.

In the list of scales, the name of the mode appears under the degree with which you'd start. Thus, for the ecclesiastical modes, we'd have:

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/3.jpg

There are scales containing modes that are identical to each other. For example, the "diminished" scale:

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/4.jpg

This scale actually only two unique modes: 2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1 (if you start on an odd degree of the scale) and 1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2 (if you start on an even degree of the scale). These are called "symmetric" scales and will be discussed later.

Here is a table which lists the possible unique modes and scales, based on the equal-tempered Western chromatic scale:

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/5.jpg

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/2ls8d2p.gif

I will try to post as much as i can everyday :D para matutunan lahat natin at magamit ang iba't ibang scales and modes :D

Canonical Form

Since any n-note scale has "n" modes (apart from symmetry considerations), we can reduce the physical list of our scales considerably by only including one scale to represent all the modes readily derived from that scale. But — how to choose the one mode to represent all of its siblings…

In this website the "canonical form" of a scale is that mode that has the greatest possible number of its larger steps at the beginning of the mode, and the greatest possible number of its smaller steps at the end of the mode. For example, considering the diatonic scale:

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/1-1.jpg



The mode with the greatest number of larger intervals first is the one beginning with the greatest sequence of whole tones — the Lydian mode.

By using this convention in the Compleat List of Scales, one can determine the leap of the scale at a glance by observing the size of the first step in the scale, since its largest step will occur first.

An index is included to eliminate the need to determine the canonical form by hand. Instead, list the size of each step in semitones, then look up the mode in the "index of Modes." For example:

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/Music/2-1.jpg

http://i552.photobucket.com/albums/jj341/xatujan07/2ls8d2p.gif

nice.. thanks

nice :)

tama yan

Good , me kulang k peks sa mga diminished modes pero nc 1 prin :yipee:

wow galing.....

good evening.....

try nyo itong link, hope it helps. (4.68 MB) lang

http://www.mediafire.com/?myyh1j5fy3z

To many explanation... :)

magandang idea yung nandito.. but... maraming di nakakaintindi talaga ng Modes...

Do you know that CHORDS in a progression AND The MODES are the same thing :)

For Example:

If a guitarist played a series of notes from a Major scale for example the Key of C

C D E F G A B C... then the bass player is playing an arpeggio "A-C-G-etc etc" ... ano sa tingin nyo ang mode na tinutugtog ng Guitarist..?

is it a C major or C ionian?

kung sabay tutugtugin ng Guitarist and ng Bass Guitarist yung notes nila magtutunog IONIAN ba yun? di ba hindi

it will still sound A aeolian.. kasi yung root nya is A

----

If you study Mode without understanding its Chord Tones...baliwala din :)

I'll explain this further sa Guitar Thread :) Just remember CHORDS and MODES are the same thing :)

Yup your right... but remember All the Possible Scales and Modes itong thread natin, di po ba.. these are just basic tools that we need to know. "Its not the whole story" Peace Brow...

Yeah.. i agree sige dito ko na lang post yung mga tuts ko :)

well anyway kaya lang naman ako nagrespond dun sa post kasi... about dun sa Modes.. maaga kasi syang inintroduce without explaining yung Major Scale and its usage :)

Gumawa nga ako ng panibagong topic about chord construction just to support this thread...

Para di naman mahirapan yung mga magaaral.

:)

Well antayin ko yung gumawa ng lesson para naman magkasundo yung lessons na mga ibibigay dito :)

Before diving to the depth of MODES let's study the MAJOR SCALE

PRE-REQ: Basic Knowledge In Fretboard Notes, Piano Notes
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Madalas pag nagsosolo tayo gutom na gutom tayo sa nota...

Kaya para dagdag sa sarap.. to ang ating Side Dish :)


Sa piano/guitar meron 12 notes dyan... imagine mo yun? 12 notes lang? pero masisiraan ka ng
bait pag binalibaliktad mo yan..

---------------------------------------------------
I. The 12 notes on the guitar (Chromatic Scale)
---------------------------------------------------
A - A#/Bb - B - C - C#/Db - D - D#/Eb - E - F - F#/Gb - G - G#/Ab



Next.. THE HARD WAY :) syempre kaunting idea muna :)

================================================== ==============================
==========================
II. Using the 12 notes of the chromatic scale... 12 major and 12 minor scales can be formed
================================================== ==============================
==========================
Interval Basic: (use the chromatic scale reference above)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a. Tone = Whole step

ex:
A to B, C to D, Bb to C, F# to G#, etc etc

*** Subukan nyong tugtugin :)

b. Semitone = Half step

ex:
A to Bb, A to A#, B to C, D to Eb, etc etc

*** ito din try nyo :)

----------------------------------------------------
O diba ang saya.. next!


================================================== ==============================
=====
Major Scale
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Forming a Major scale using the intervals
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a. Major scale - most songs today are written only in 1 key or using only 1 major scale.
On the otherhand, Jazz uses different keys to explore other tonality.

* remember this simple formula:

Tone - Tone - Semitone - Tone - Tone - Tone - Semitone or Whole Whole Half Whole Whole WHole Half

or simple...

W W H W W W H

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
using the Interval above will allow you to form a 7 note scale.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I <Whole> II <Whole> III <Half> IV <Whole> V <Whole> VI <Whole> VII <Half> I

*** If the 1st/root note/ is C the scale is called C major scale or if it is G the scale
is called G major scale

example:

C Major Scale

C <Whole> D <Whole> E <Half> F <Whole> G <Whole> A <Whole> B <Half> C
or
C - D - E - F - G - A - B - C

G Major Scale

G - A - B - C - D - E - F# - G

*** some tip: to figure out the key of a song... find the two half steps and match it to
the melody of the song.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finally ito na yung Side Dish!! yepee - ang sagot para mamemorize agad 12 keys! at madaling imemorize :)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
===========================================
==========================
Cycle of Fifts/Circle Of fourths counterclockwise!
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.46thmsinf.org/Images/circle-of-fifths.gif

Ipapakilal ko sainyo si BEA!!

*** in order to memorize all the 12 major scale Cycle Of Fifths is used. Just by counting the number of sharps and flat, you can easily access all the keys.

--------------------------------
Memorizing using the hardway
--------------------------------
No Sharp/Flats:
C D E F G A B C <-- C Major Scale

With Flats:
F G A Bb C D E F <-- 1 flat - Bb
Bb C D Eb F G A Bb <-- 2 - Bb Eb
Eb F G Ab Bb C D Eb <-- 3 - Bb Eb Ab
Ab Bb C Db Eb F G Ab <-- 4 - Bb Eb Ab Db
Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb C Db <-- 5 - Bb Eb Ab Db
Gb Ab Bb Cb Db Eb F Gb <-- 6 - Bb Eb Ab Db Gb
Cb Db Eb Fb Gb Ab Bb Cb <-- 7 - all flats!

*** tip: notice that flats are added using this sequence of notes, Bb Eb Ab Db Gb Cb Fb
*** or Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles Father.... or just simple B E A D G!

With Sharps:
G A B C D E F# G <-- 1 sharp - F#
D E F# G A B C# D <-- 2 sharps - F# C#
A B C# D E F# G# A <-- 3 sharps - F# C# G#
E F# G# A B C# D# E <-- 4 sharps - F# C# G# D#
B C# D# E F# G# A# B <-- 5 sharps - F# C# G# D# A#
F# G# A# B C# D# E# F# <-- 6 sharps, notice some note(s) are enharmonic and considerably correct
C# D# E# F# G# A# B# C# <-- 7 sharps, notice some notes are enharmonic and considerably correct

*** tip: notice that sharps are added using this sequence of notes, F# C# G# D# A# E# B#
*** or Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle....

--------------------------------
Memorizing using the tricky way
--------------------------------

Meet B E A again!

remember this:
when counting flats think "B E A - D G - C F"
when counting sharps think "F C - G D - A E B" <-- kabaliktaran lang ng B E A D G C F

All the 12 keys or major scale: C F - Bb Eb Ab Db Gb - B E A D G <-- its BEA-DG again!

or

C = 0
F = 1 flat

Bb = 2 flats
Eb = 3 flats
Ab = 4 flats
Db = 5 flats
Gb = 6 flats

B = 5 sharps
E = 4 sharps
A = 3 sharps
D = 2 sharps
G = 1 sharp

or much easier

C F and Bb Eb Ab Db Gb and B E A D G

*** notice that it reads "C F + Bb Eb Ab Db Gb + B E A D G"

Eto suggestion ko para di mahilo yng mga nagaaral tulad ko.....
tungkol sa scales.. break it down to topics.

:hilo::hilo::hilo:

1. Pentatonic Scales- major,minor,dominant,altered,major & minor lydian pentatonic scales.

2. Harmonic minor scale. - modes,modes,modes (locrian,ionian,dorian etc..)

3. Melodic minor scale - modes, modes

4. Whole tone scale - tonal & modal

5. Diminished scale

"You can't bite a whole pizza" .....Break down..

Rock on......

:rock::rock::rock::band:

Oops Passion hinay hinay lang :)

Kung ituturo ang Pentatonic by ear gamit ang Blues music masmadali...

Though inde ganun ka simple ang paggamit ng Pentatonic sa ibang music.. don't understimate it... 5th mode lang ang Minor pentatonic ng any Pentatonic and can also be shared by two different Keys.

For Example: You may use 3 pentatonics over songs written in C major

1. C D E F G A B C <-- C major

I Pentatonic = C D E G A <-- C pentatonic

2. G A B C D E F G <-- G Mixolydian

V Pentatonic = G A B D E <---- G Pentatonic

3. F G A B C D E F <-- F Lydian

IV Pentatonic = F G A C D <--- F Pentatonic

-----------------
Avoid Notes:
The IV of Ionian
The IV of Mixolydian

example: C and F, G and C

Gaya ng sinabi ko sa Chord Theory yung IV ng C Ionian (F) and IV ng G mixolydian (C) ay avoid note or a dissonant note kapag imix mo sya sa C Ionian Chords (CM7, Cadd9, etc, etc) or G dominant chords (G7, G9, etc,etc)


So as much as possible pag nagsosolo ka maiwasan mo tong mga avoid notes na to na mastack sa Root Chord ng Ionian and Mixolydian.

So kung gagamit ka ng C pentatonic over CM7.. safe ka kasi walang IV ang C pentatonic:

CM7 (ionian): C E G B and C Pentatonic: C D E G A
result: Good, No Dissonant sound

though kung nagpalit ng mode for example to a G7 dito na magkakaconflict medyo kailangan mong magadjust.

G7 (mixolydian)= G B D F and C Pentatonic: C D E G A
result: Bad, G7 + C = Very Dissonant

solution: Use of G Pentatonic or V Pentatonic
G7 = G B D F and G Pentatonic: G A B D E
result: Good, No Dissonant sound

Another advantage of the V Pentatonic or the pentatonic (R-2-3-5-6) that came from any Mixolydian is it can be both shared by more than one key.

For Example: CM7 and GM7 and FM7<-- C Ionian and G ionian and F ionian

CM7 = C E G B and G Pentatonic as V Pentatonic = G A B D E
result: Good, No Dissonant Sound

GM7 = G B D F and G Pentatonic as I Pentatonic = G A B D E
result: Good, No Dissonant Sound

-----
The Minor Pentatonic: The V mode of any Pentatonic
C Pentatonic: C D E G A
A minor Pentatonic: A C D E G

G Pentatonic: G A B D E
E Minor Pentatonic: E G A B D

F Pentatonic: F G A C D
D minor Pentatonic: D F G A C

-----
O diba nasa Key of C pa lang yan :) daming possibilities

Pero don't worry once na mainternalize na to by ear madali na syang iapply :)
==============================================

Isa pa: Inde lahat ng Altered Dominant Chord Pwede kang mag pentatonic

Altered Dominant Chords are the 7th mode of Melodic Minor scale :) next time na natin itopic yan

==============================================

For now ang target natin eh kung saan iapply ang scale... inde lang puro basa... tulad ng sinabi ko sa ibang post... baliwala ang scale kung di mo alam kung saang chord mo ipapatong :)

Keep It UP guys! :D :thumbsup:

leachim02 .yeah.... tama ka brow. lahat ng topics mo ok mapa "blues note" flat 3, flat 5, flat 7. play by ear or play by note. parang alam ko na yan....
"Been There Done That" kumbaga....
yng sa akin lng gawin nating may Outline o guideline sa lessons natin. Parang lesson plan ba, para step by step ang learning process.
MORE POWER to you brow.

Ayun! nakuha mo yung point ko kung bakit ako nagreact sa unang unang post... :)

Well.. nagfofocus muna ako sa topic ng Major Scale and its Mode... kasi mahaba haba tong topic na to... inde lang basta SHAPES ang pinaguusapan natin... Nirerelate natin ang bawat scale sa kung paano natin sila gagamitin :)

For now.. yan na muna kung may mga magtatanong dun ako magdadagdag para siguradong nagegets ng lahat :)

nga pala a flat 3, flat 5 and flat 7 are the chord tones of minor7b5 chord :) or Locrian mode :)

You rock dude... sana may chance tayo mag jamming... maybe in the future.... Pag may show ka at nagkataong nandoon ako bigyan mo ko ng backstage pass ha... Keep it up.. be a blessing to others.

Aral lang ng aral... di makakasama yun :) yung iba kasi once na matugtog lang ang particular scale like Major scale sabihin nila alam na nila agad.. pero yung kabuuan nun di pala nila alam... :)

simple lang yung.. pag binigyan ka ng set of advanced chord.. kung masasabi mo kung anong scale ang gagamitin mo dun kahit wala kang hawak na guitar or piano.. dun mo lang masasabi kung alam mo na talaga ang Major scale. :)

Brow leachim02 share ka naman ng illustration, ng pentatonic scales. yung parang guitar tab.

bro, wag lang natin kalimutan ung pinagkunan natin ng info. paki-cite para di sya plagiarism.

:thanks: for sharing! :D

Lesson ko yan :) ako mismo gumawa

meron ako rin palang post nyan sa Philmusic at Levelup games....

pero inde naman ganun ka unique yan.. dahil basic lang lahat ng pinost ko... :)

paggumawa ako ng lesson di ako umaasa sa lesson na galing sa internet.. :)

Lesson ko yan :) ako mismo gumawa

meron ako rin palang post nyan sa Philmusic at Levelup games....

pero inde naman ganun ka unique yan.. dahil basic lang lahat ng pinost ko... :)

paggumawa ako ng lesson di ako umaasa sa lesson na galing sa internet.. :)

Kaya nga bro share your talents.. come on ...continue what your doing, keep up the good work.

Wala pa kasing nagtatanong... di ko alam kung may natututo ba hehehe :)

Wala pa kasing nagtatanong... di ko alam kung may natututo ba hehehe :)

Tuloy lng kapatid.. maraming natututo at matututo sa lahat ng useful post. Let's get started.

Di ba tapos mo ng idiscuss yung major scales.... try din natin yng relative minor scale.... la scala :more::more::more:

Wala pa kasing nagtatanong... di ko alam kung may natututo ba hehehe :)

kakaunti lang tayong musikero dito sa SB :D kaya konti lang makaka apreciate nyan pero malaking tulong yan sa ating lahat :D para mapalawak ang kaalaman sa mga ganyan :D keep it up dude! :D

kakaunti lang tayong musikero dito sa SB :D kaya konti lang makaka apreciate nyan pero malaking tulong yan sa ating lahat :D para mapalawak ang kaalaman sa mga ganyan :D keep it up dude! :D

Count me in dito mga tol! ngayun ko lang nakita ang thread! :lol: I play bass.

Count me in dito mga tol! ngayun ko lang nakita ang thread! :lol: I play bass.

nice :D:D:D :thumbsup: may mga sample ka bro?:D

Pentatonic scales

Nice!! keep sharing mga kapatid..

penge scale le;angan ko po.. paki post nalang po sa message ko po... TY!

para ka lang nanghingi ng tinapay.... browse ka lang dito hanapin mo yung lesson ko about major scale... That's all you need

try this scale,
according to my sources, this was banned from church-use as it had a 'satanic' feel on it. :D

C Lydian Fourth Mode

C D E F G# A B C

It is said that when you play it, there's a possibility Satan will rise from Hell and destroy you.