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Mula sa basic hanggang sa pinakamalalim na topics tungkol dito,
i-share nyo na!!
INTRODUCTION
You are at the best, free online "Basic Electronics Course". Just read the brief blocks of text, view the videos, and check out some of the screened internet links. This is the easiest, fastest way to learn basic electronics.
Everyone today is exposed to electronic devices in one way or another. The computer revolution is a good example. Everyone can benefit from additional knowledge of electronics. Even a quick scanning of this page will help. A study of electronics starts with electricity, magnetism and basic electronics. This includes Ohm's law and other basic principles of electricity. Obtain and study various books on electronics - this is really a must as each author will explain things in a little different way to help you grasp the concepts.
All the internet links to other web sites found on 101science.com were screened to provide you with the BEST the internet has to offer on each subject. This will save you many hours of searching for good educational material. This site is for everyone from the beginner to expert electrical engineering professional. There is something here for every level of expertise in the world of electronics. If you just need information on one specific area, use the table above to navigate to the information you need. If you need more instruction - read on.
Maybe you already know some basic electronics and want to test yourself to see exactly how much you do know.
According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics,
Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM BASICS - It all starts with the electrons moving around atoms. Electricity is the movement of electrical charge from one place to another. Electric charges do not exist without their associated electric and magnetic fields. This module will introduce you to many of the basic concepts involved with electricity and magnetism.
MATTER - Matter is physically everything that exists that we can touch and feel. Matter consists of atoms. Now we will introduce you to the structure of atoms, talk about electrons and static charge, moving charges, voltage, resistance, and current. You will learn about the properties of magnets and how magnets are used to produce electric current and vice versa. All matter can be classified as being either a pure substance or a mixture. Matter can exist as either a solid, liquid, or a gas and can change among these three states of matter. In electronics the most important matter are conductive metals, non-conductive insulators, and semiconductors. (Yes, all this is a simplification on purpose to keep the subject easier to grasp. We will leave deeper thoughts to the study of nuclear physics.)
ELECTRICAL CHARGE - Any object or particle is or can become electrically charged. Nobody completely understands what this charge consists of but we do know a lot about how it reacts and behaves. The smallest known charge of electricity is the charge associated with an electron. This charge has been called a "negative" charge. An atoms nucleus has a positive charge. These two un-like charges attract one another. Like charges oppose one another. If you had 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons in a box you would have what has been named; one coulomb of charge. An easier way of thinking about a large number like that is called "powers of ten" and it would look like this 6.25 x 10^18 electrons. It is simply a way to let you know to move the decimal point to the right 18 places. When electrical charges are at rest, meaning they are not moving, we call that static electricity. If charges are in motion we then have a flow of charge called electrical current. We have given the force that causes this current a name called "electromotive force" and it is measured by a unit called a volt (V). The unit of measurement of the current (I) or movement of the charge is called an ampere. The resistance, or opposition, to current flow is called an ohm (R).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVdBtSRr0UE
ELECTRICAL FIELDS- Around every charge is an electric field. With every electric field there is a magnetic field. While we can't see these fields, or yet know exactly what they consist of, we can measure them with instruments and tell a great deal about their behavior. We can then use this knowledge to our benefit. The design and construction of electric motors, computers, radios, televisions, stereos, and many other electrical and electronic devices depend upon a knowledge of these basic principles of electricity. As you can see we have given names to these phenomenon to make it easier for us to study and use. We could have called them Dick, Jane and Mary but instead we named them for the scientists that discovered or first studied them; Volt, Ampere, and Ohm. Mr. Volt, Mr. Ampere, and Mr. Ohm spent many years of their gifted lives studying electricity. They were not alone however as many other scientist were studying and learning more about electricity as well.
WATTS - POWER - What is a watt? A watt is the International System unit of power equal to one joule per second. A joule is a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. The symbol used for a watt is "P" for power. Power in watts is found by multiplying a circuits current (I) times its voltage (V). You will learn more about power in watts in the ohms law section below.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NdjoLqriJU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTg9QBJnR8k
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14YIm4UK9LA
RESISTANCE
RESISTORS AND RESISTOR CIRCUITS
Resistance is the opposition to current flow in various degrees. The practical unit of resistance is called the ohm. A resistor on one ohm is physically very large but provides only a small resistance to current flow. A resistor of one million ohm's is physically small but presents a high resistance to current flow. A resistance that develops 0.24 calorie of heat when one ampere of current flows through it for one second has one ohm of resistance. The unit of resistance is often represented by the Greek letter omega. Resistors are often made of thin layers of carbon or lengths of small copper wire. They can also be thin deposited layers of metallic material. An image of a few resistor types is shown below.
What is electrical current? Electrical current, represented by the letter "I" in formulas, and it is the flow or rate of electric charge. This flowing electric charge is typically carried by moving electrons in a metallic conductor or electronic components such as resistors or transistors as an example. The unit of electrical current is the ampere, named after a french mathematician, Andre Marie Ampere. What is electrical voltage? Electrical voltage is represented by the letter "V" in formulas and it is the electrical pressure a moving charge is under. In the case of a static charge, one that is not moving, then voltage is the potential difference or pressure of the charge. The relationship between current (I), resistance (R), and voltage (V) is represented by the formulas developed in Ohm's law.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMWwIGvifig
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHskV2LG5jM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ7xf6Jakbo
OHMS LAW
Ohm's Law is extremely important in learning basic electronics.
What is Ohm's Law? Ohm's Law is a formula that describes the relationship between resistance, current and voltage in an electrical circuit. The formula is R (resistance in ohms) = (equals) V (voltage in volts) divided by I (current in amperes).
That is: R = V ÷ I
...and algebraic rules tells us that I - V ÷ R and V = I*R.
I = V ÷ R, V = I*R, R = V ÷ I, and P (power in watts) = I*V are the fundamental formulas of Ohm's law. (The * means to multiply the two quantities together). Where V is the circuit voltage in volts, I is the circuits amperage in amps, and R is the resistance in ohms.
Almost every electrical and electronic circuit involves resistance, current and voltage. This is why it is vital you understand the relationships between them.
As an experiment you can set up a circuit by connecting resistors in series with a battery, measure the voltage across the resistors with a voltmeter, measure the current in the circuit by placing an ammeter in series with the resistors and the battery. If you know the voltages and current in the circuit you can use Ohms law to calculate the resistance. With the resistor out of the circuit you can measure it's resistance directly with an ohm meter. The multi-meters today can measure ohms, volts and amperes (usually measured in milliamperes in practical circuits) all in one piece of test equipment.
Below is a graphic chart showing the various relationships between resistance, current, voltage, and power and shows how one unknown can be calculated if you know the other two.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwEz9ygPHiM
CAPACITORS
A capacitor is a device that stores an electrical charge when a potential difference (voltage) exists between two conductors which are usually two plates separated by a dielectric material (an insulating material like air, paper, or special chemicals between two sheets of aluminum foil). Capacitors block DC voltages and pass AC voltages. They are used as filters, AC coupling capacitors and as by-pass capacitors. They are also used in conjunction with resistors and inductors to form tuned circuits and timing circuits. A capacitors value C (in Farads) is dependent upon the ratio of the charge Q (in Coulombs) divided by the V (in volts). Common capacitors come in values of microfarads or Pico farads. Often you will have to convert between Pico farads and micro farads. A chart is provided below to assist in the conversion.
CAPACITOR Value Conversions
Some capacitors may be marked in micro farads and others of the same capacitance value marked in Pico farads. One Pico farad equals one micro-micro farad. You may need to make conversions between the two equivalents.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6fJ9eYkR-c
INDUCTORS
Inductors are usually made with coils of wire. The wire coils are wound around iron cores, ferrite cores, or other materials except in the case of an air core inductor where there is no core other than air. The inductor stores electrical charge in magnetic fields. When the magnetic field collapses it induces an electrical charge back into the wire. Inductors are associated with circuit capacitance and can form a tuned circuit and resonate at a particular frequency. Two coils close to one another, as they are in a transformer, literally transfer charge from one coil to the other. This is called mutual inductance.
TOROIDS
Today you must learn about powdered iron cores and ferrite materials for winding your own toroidal coils. Click here for basic background information on powdered iron and ferrite materials. The cores will be made from different materials. You will also need information on powdered iron material. Now you have all the information you need to wind toroidal coils for your electronics projects. For core material table: https://www.amidoncorp.com/pages/specifications
To calculate the approximate inductance of a toroid, use the JAVA calculator found here:
Courtesy of Carl R. (Rod) Nave, Georgia State University. Be sure to visit their main site loaded with JAVA calculators and other science information at: HyperPhysics http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hph.html including an offer of a CD containing of all their fine materials.
Toroid Approximate Inductance CALCULATOR - Toroid CALCULATOR
Torroid Inductance charts: http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/toroidcharts_mcq.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpspNrC7cCc
Inductors - how they work. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aphgli-RHm0
Connecting Inductors http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXcxswDcUbI
Summary of magnetisim. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9T2GJEeamI
RESONANT CIRCUITS - a combination of capacitance, inductance and resistance.
Tuned circuits are found within electronic circuits where, for example, only one certain frequency is of interest. The filtering action of a tuned circuit is often associated with amplifiers as is found in a radios intermediate frequency stage. Only one frequency is amplified due to the filtering action of the tuned circuit. Tuned circuits may be designed for a very a narrow band of frequencies or with a wide bandwidth. Tuned circuits are also found in oscillators. Here the tuned circuit allows oscillations only at the tuned circuits resonant frequency in a properly designed circuit. Resonant circuits are a combination of inductance, capacitance and resistance. Please look at some of the links below for more detailed study of resonant circuits..
i-share nyo na!!INTRODUCTION
You are at the best, free online "Basic Electronics Course". Just read the brief blocks of text, view the videos, and check out some of the screened internet links. This is the easiest, fastest way to learn basic electronics.
Everyone today is exposed to electronic devices in one way or another. The computer revolution is a good example. Everyone can benefit from additional knowledge of electronics. Even a quick scanning of this page will help. A study of electronics starts with electricity, magnetism and basic electronics. This includes Ohm's law and other basic principles of electricity. Obtain and study various books on electronics - this is really a must as each author will explain things in a little different way to help you grasp the concepts.
All the internet links to other web sites found on 101science.com were screened to provide you with the BEST the internet has to offer on each subject. This will save you many hours of searching for good educational material. This site is for everyone from the beginner to expert electrical engineering professional. There is something here for every level of expertise in the world of electronics. If you just need information on one specific area, use the table above to navigate to the information you need. If you need more instruction - read on.
Maybe you already know some basic electronics and want to test yourself to see exactly how much you do know.
According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics,
Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible and electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunications and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a working system.
BASIC ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM BASICS - It all starts with the electrons moving around atoms. Electricity is the movement of electrical charge from one place to another. Electric charges do not exist without their associated electric and magnetic fields. This module will introduce you to many of the basic concepts involved with electricity and magnetism.
MATTER - Matter is physically everything that exists that we can touch and feel. Matter consists of atoms. Now we will introduce you to the structure of atoms, talk about electrons and static charge, moving charges, voltage, resistance, and current. You will learn about the properties of magnets and how magnets are used to produce electric current and vice versa. All matter can be classified as being either a pure substance or a mixture. Matter can exist as either a solid, liquid, or a gas and can change among these three states of matter. In electronics the most important matter are conductive metals, non-conductive insulators, and semiconductors. (Yes, all this is a simplification on purpose to keep the subject easier to grasp. We will leave deeper thoughts to the study of nuclear physics.)
ELECTRICAL CHARGE - Any object or particle is or can become electrically charged. Nobody completely understands what this charge consists of but we do know a lot about how it reacts and behaves. The smallest known charge of electricity is the charge associated with an electron. This charge has been called a "negative" charge. An atoms nucleus has a positive charge. These two un-like charges attract one another. Like charges oppose one another. If you had 6,250,000,000,000,000,000 electrons in a box you would have what has been named; one coulomb of charge. An easier way of thinking about a large number like that is called "powers of ten" and it would look like this 6.25 x 10^18 electrons. It is simply a way to let you know to move the decimal point to the right 18 places. When electrical charges are at rest, meaning they are not moving, we call that static electricity. If charges are in motion we then have a flow of charge called electrical current. We have given the force that causes this current a name called "electromotive force" and it is measured by a unit called a volt (V). The unit of measurement of the current (I) or movement of the charge is called an ampere. The resistance, or opposition, to current flow is called an ohm (R).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVdBtSRr0UE
ELECTRICAL FIELDS- Around every charge is an electric field. With every electric field there is a magnetic field. While we can't see these fields, or yet know exactly what they consist of, we can measure them with instruments and tell a great deal about their behavior. We can then use this knowledge to our benefit. The design and construction of electric motors, computers, radios, televisions, stereos, and many other electrical and electronic devices depend upon a knowledge of these basic principles of electricity. As you can see we have given names to these phenomenon to make it easier for us to study and use. We could have called them Dick, Jane and Mary but instead we named them for the scientists that discovered or first studied them; Volt, Ampere, and Ohm. Mr. Volt, Mr. Ampere, and Mr. Ohm spent many years of their gifted lives studying electricity. They were not alone however as many other scientist were studying and learning more about electricity as well.
WATTS - POWER - What is a watt? A watt is the International System unit of power equal to one joule per second. A joule is a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second. The symbol used for a watt is "P" for power. Power in watts is found by multiplying a circuits current (I) times its voltage (V). You will learn more about power in watts in the ohms law section below.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-NdjoLqriJU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTg9QBJnR8k
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=14YIm4UK9LA
RESISTANCE
RESISTORS AND RESISTOR CIRCUITS
What is electrical current? Electrical current, represented by the letter "I" in formulas, and it is the flow or rate of electric charge. This flowing electric charge is typically carried by moving electrons in a metallic conductor or electronic components such as resistors or transistors as an example. The unit of electrical current is the ampere, named after a french mathematician, Andre Marie Ampere. What is electrical voltage? Electrical voltage is represented by the letter "V" in formulas and it is the electrical pressure a moving charge is under. In the case of a static charge, one that is not moving, then voltage is the potential difference or pressure of the charge. The relationship between current (I), resistance (R), and voltage (V) is represented by the formulas developed in Ohm's law.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMWwIGvifig
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHskV2LG5jM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ7xf6Jakbo
OHMS LAW
Ohm's Law is extremely important in learning basic electronics.
What is Ohm's Law? Ohm's Law is a formula that describes the relationship between resistance, current and voltage in an electrical circuit. The formula is R (resistance in ohms) = (equals) V (voltage in volts) divided by I (current in amperes).
That is: R = V ÷ I
...and algebraic rules tells us that I - V ÷ R and V = I*R.
I = V ÷ R, V = I*R, R = V ÷ I, and P (power in watts) = I*V are the fundamental formulas of Ohm's law. (The * means to multiply the two quantities together). Where V is the circuit voltage in volts, I is the circuits amperage in amps, and R is the resistance in ohms.
Almost every electrical and electronic circuit involves resistance, current and voltage. This is why it is vital you understand the relationships between them.
As an experiment you can set up a circuit by connecting resistors in series with a battery, measure the voltage across the resistors with a voltmeter, measure the current in the circuit by placing an ammeter in series with the resistors and the battery. If you know the voltages and current in the circuit you can use Ohms law to calculate the resistance. With the resistor out of the circuit you can measure it's resistance directly with an ohm meter. The multi-meters today can measure ohms, volts and amperes (usually measured in milliamperes in practical circuits) all in one piece of test equipment.
Below is a graphic chart showing the various relationships between resistance, current, voltage, and power and shows how one unknown can be calculated if you know the other two.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwEz9ygPHiM
CAPACITORS
CAPACITOR Value Conversions
Some capacitors may be marked in micro farads and others of the same capacitance value marked in Pico farads. One Pico farad equals one micro-micro farad. You may need to make conversions between the two equivalents.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y6fJ9eYkR-c
INDUCTORS
TOROIDS
To calculate the approximate inductance of a toroid, use the JAVA calculator found here:
Toroid Approximate Inductance CALCULATOR - Toroid CALCULATOR
Torroid Inductance charts: http://www.electronics-tutorials.com/basics/toroidcharts_mcq.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpspNrC7cCc
Inductors - how they work. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aphgli-RHm0
Connecting Inductors http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXcxswDcUbI
Summary of magnetisim. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9T2GJEeamI
RESONANT CIRCUITS - a combination of capacitance, inductance and resistance.
Tuned circuits are found within electronic circuits where, for example, only one certain frequency is of interest. The filtering action of a tuned circuit is often associated with amplifiers as is found in a radios intermediate frequency stage. Only one frequency is amplified due to the filtering action of the tuned circuit. Tuned circuits may be designed for a very a narrow band of frequencies or with a wide bandwidth. Tuned circuits are also found in oscillators. Here the tuned circuit allows oscillations only at the tuned circuits resonant frequency in a properly designed circuit. Resonant circuits are a combination of inductance, capacitance and resistance. Please look at some of the links below for more detailed study of resonant circuits..
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