Sa taon 1916 gumawa ng theory si Albert Einstein which is the Theory of General Relativity. Isa sa mga sinasabi sa theory na ito ay “the universe is expanding”. Actually hindi matanggap ni Einstein ang kanyang theory because it implied a Beginner.
Isa sa mga scientist na tumulong patunayan na nag-eexpand ang universe ay si Arthur Eddington kung saan hindi rin niya matanggap ang idea na nag-eexpand ang universe.
“Philosophically the notion of a beginning of the present order is repugnant to me. I should like to find a genuine loophole. I simply do not believe the present order of things started off with a bang….the expanding universe is preposterous….it leaves me cold” Sir Arthur Eddington, astrophysicist 1882-1944
Dahil sa kapanahunan ni Arthur Eddington ang kumakalat na worldview is “Scientific Materialism” which mean that the universe is eternal, self-existent and has no beginning. Samantalang kabaligtaran naman ang ipinapakita ng mga ebidensiya mula sa science kaya masakit para sa kanyang tanggapin ito.
Pagsapit ng ikadalawang daan taon (20th Century) nadiskubre ng mga cosmologist na ang universe ay may simula o beginning. At nangyari ang discoveries na ito nang unang maobserba ni Edwin Hubble isang astronomer na nagtratrabaho sa southern California. Gamit ang 200 inches dome telescope sa Palomar Observatory sa Mount Wilson nadiskubre niya na kahit saan siya tumingin sa kalawakan ay maraming galaxies. Imagine na sumisilip ka sa isang butas na sinlaki ng butil ng buhangin at kahit saan ka tumingin, maraming galaxies ang nakikita mo tulad sa picture.
View attachment 304616
Ito ang unang nadiskubre ni Edwin Hubble. Pero isa sa kahanga-hangang (mind blowing) nadiskubre niya ay nang mapagtanto niya na ang mga galaxies na ito ay lumalayo sa atin (moving away from us). At kapag mas malayo ang isang galaxies mas mabilis ang paglayo nito. Naobserve nila na ang pinakamalayong galaxies ay papalayo sa earth sa bilis na 100 million miles an hour”.
Pinag-aralan ni Edwin Hubble ang Doppler Shift of light, sometimes called “red shift” kung saan nadiskubre niya na lahat ng galaxies ay gumagalaw o papalayo sa isat-isa nang napakabilis (incredible speed). Para sa mga hindi nakakaalam po, ang Doppler Shift po ay nangyayari for example kapag ang tunog (sound) nang isang umaandar na tren ay nagbabago ng pitch (highness or lowness of sound) kapag papalapit ang tren sa isang observer (tao) at kapag ito ay papalayo sa kanya.
Sa papanong paraan niya nalaman na ang mga galaxies ay papalayo? Halimbawa, ikaw ay nakatayo sa kalye at may ambulansya na dumaan sa harapan mo. Habang papalapit s'yo ang ambulansya, ang soundwave (wavelength) na nilalabas ng sirena nito ay nagiging compressed habang papalapit s'yo ang ambulansya. Itong compression ng soundwave (wavelength) ay naglilikha ng high frequency o high pitch sound. At habang papalayo naman s'yo ang ambulansya , ang soundwave nito o wavelength ay nag-iistretch out o humahaba kaya ang nilalabas nitong sound ay low frequency o low pitch.
Kung ang sound may soundwave ganoon din po sa light, partikular sa lightwave na nilalabas ng mga stars. Para sa isang observer, kapag ang isang star ay papalapit sa isang observer, ang lightwave na nilalabas ng star na ito ay nacocompressed at nagbibigay ng high frequency lightwave at ang kulay nito ay blue kaya tinatawag itong “blue shift”. Kapag naman ang isang star ay papalayo (moving away from the observer) ang lightwave na nilalabas nito ay nag-iistretch out o humahaba habang ito ay papalayo at ito ay nagbibigay ng low frequency lightwave at ang kulay nito ay red na tinatawag naman “red shift”. At para madetect po o masukat itong “red shift” na ito kailangan gumamit ng scientific equipment.
Kaya kapag tinignan natin ang mga stars sa kalawakan meron silang “red shift” which means na ang mga stars ay papalayo sa atin at ang universe ay nag-eexpand.
View attachment 304617
Isang illustration ay ang lobo na may botones na nakadikit dito. At habang hinihipan ang lobo (which stand for the universe) lumalayo ang mga botones (which stand for the galaxies). Ngayon kung lumilipas ang mga araw at papalaki ng papalaki ang universe (the universe is expanding), ang tanong ngayon is “ano ang hitsura ng universe if we go back in time?
William Lane Craig says, “As you trace this expansion back in time the universe goes denser and denser and denser (mas siksik) until finally the entire known universe is contracted down to a state of infinite density which mark the beginning of the universe. At this point which cosmologist called the “Singularity” all matter and energy, physical space and time themselves came into being. This literally represent the origin of the universe from nothing”.
View attachment 304618
Hoes does the expanding universe prove a beginning? Think about this way: if we could watch a video recording of the history of the universe in reverse, we would see all matter in the universe collapse back to a point, not the size of a basketball, not the size of a golf ball, not even the size of a pinhead, but mathematically and logically to a point that is actually nothing (no space, no time, and no matter). In other words, once there was nothing, and then, BANG, there was something – the entire universe exploded into being!
Physicist have theorized that the universe is getting bigger now but when rewind we can take the universe back as it shrink and shrink (paliit ng paliit) to 13 Billion years ago when the universe is very very small and by using this they came up with the theory of the Big Bang, the belief that the universe began in a colossal explosion a finite time ago.
Putting an expanding universe in reverse leads us back to the point where the universe gets smaller and smaller until it vanishes into nothing. Based on such measurements, it has been calculated that the universe may be 13 billion years old (some say 15 billion).
Physicist Stephen Weinberg says; “In the beginning there was an explosion like those familiar on Eath....[It was] an explosion which occurred simultaneously everywhere, filling all space from the beginning with every particle of matter rushing apart from each other particle”.
Theoretical physicist Paul Davies wrote, “These days most cosmologists and astronomers back the theory that there was indeed a creation...when the physical universe burst into existence in an awesome explosion popularly known as the Big Bang. Whether one accepts all the details or not, the essential hypothesis – that there was some sort of creation – seems, from the scientific point of view, compelling.”
Hawking agrees. “Almost every one now believes that the universe, and time itself, had a beginning at the Big Bang.”
Only one conclusion is evident: The universe had a beginning. As physicist Alexander Vilenkin stated, “It is said that an argument is what convinces reasonable men and a proof is what it takes to convince even an unreasonable man. With the proof now in place, cosmologists can no longer hide behind the possibility of a past-eternal universe. There is no escape, they have to face the problem of a cosmic beginning.”
Ang tanong ngayon is “What cause the universe into existence (Space, Time, Mater and Energy)?
Since the universe can't cause itself, it's cause must be beyond the space-time universe. If the universe is characterized by Space, Time, Mater and Energy, the cause must be Spaceless, Timeless, Immaterial, Uncaused and unimaginably Powerful must like _ _ _?
View attachment 304619
Isa sa mga scientist na tumulong patunayan na nag-eexpand ang universe ay si Arthur Eddington kung saan hindi rin niya matanggap ang idea na nag-eexpand ang universe.
“Philosophically the notion of a beginning of the present order is repugnant to me. I should like to find a genuine loophole. I simply do not believe the present order of things started off with a bang….the expanding universe is preposterous….it leaves me cold” Sir Arthur Eddington, astrophysicist 1882-1944
Dahil sa kapanahunan ni Arthur Eddington ang kumakalat na worldview is “Scientific Materialism” which mean that the universe is eternal, self-existent and has no beginning. Samantalang kabaligtaran naman ang ipinapakita ng mga ebidensiya mula sa science kaya masakit para sa kanyang tanggapin ito.
Pagsapit ng ikadalawang daan taon (20th Century) nadiskubre ng mga cosmologist na ang universe ay may simula o beginning. At nangyari ang discoveries na ito nang unang maobserba ni Edwin Hubble isang astronomer na nagtratrabaho sa southern California. Gamit ang 200 inches dome telescope sa Palomar Observatory sa Mount Wilson nadiskubre niya na kahit saan siya tumingin sa kalawakan ay maraming galaxies. Imagine na sumisilip ka sa isang butas na sinlaki ng butil ng buhangin at kahit saan ka tumingin, maraming galaxies ang nakikita mo tulad sa picture.
View attachment 304616
Ito ang unang nadiskubre ni Edwin Hubble. Pero isa sa kahanga-hangang (mind blowing) nadiskubre niya ay nang mapagtanto niya na ang mga galaxies na ito ay lumalayo sa atin (moving away from us). At kapag mas malayo ang isang galaxies mas mabilis ang paglayo nito. Naobserve nila na ang pinakamalayong galaxies ay papalayo sa earth sa bilis na 100 million miles an hour”.
Pinag-aralan ni Edwin Hubble ang Doppler Shift of light, sometimes called “red shift” kung saan nadiskubre niya na lahat ng galaxies ay gumagalaw o papalayo sa isat-isa nang napakabilis (incredible speed). Para sa mga hindi nakakaalam po, ang Doppler Shift po ay nangyayari for example kapag ang tunog (sound) nang isang umaandar na tren ay nagbabago ng pitch (highness or lowness of sound) kapag papalapit ang tren sa isang observer (tao) at kapag ito ay papalayo sa kanya.
Sa papanong paraan niya nalaman na ang mga galaxies ay papalayo? Halimbawa, ikaw ay nakatayo sa kalye at may ambulansya na dumaan sa harapan mo. Habang papalapit s'yo ang ambulansya, ang soundwave (wavelength) na nilalabas ng sirena nito ay nagiging compressed habang papalapit s'yo ang ambulansya. Itong compression ng soundwave (wavelength) ay naglilikha ng high frequency o high pitch sound. At habang papalayo naman s'yo ang ambulansya , ang soundwave nito o wavelength ay nag-iistretch out o humahaba kaya ang nilalabas nitong sound ay low frequency o low pitch.
Kung ang sound may soundwave ganoon din po sa light, partikular sa lightwave na nilalabas ng mga stars. Para sa isang observer, kapag ang isang star ay papalapit sa isang observer, ang lightwave na nilalabas ng star na ito ay nacocompressed at nagbibigay ng high frequency lightwave at ang kulay nito ay blue kaya tinatawag itong “blue shift”. Kapag naman ang isang star ay papalayo (moving away from the observer) ang lightwave na nilalabas nito ay nag-iistretch out o humahaba habang ito ay papalayo at ito ay nagbibigay ng low frequency lightwave at ang kulay nito ay red na tinatawag naman “red shift”. At para madetect po o masukat itong “red shift” na ito kailangan gumamit ng scientific equipment.
Kaya kapag tinignan natin ang mga stars sa kalawakan meron silang “red shift” which means na ang mga stars ay papalayo sa atin at ang universe ay nag-eexpand.
View attachment 304617
Isang illustration ay ang lobo na may botones na nakadikit dito. At habang hinihipan ang lobo (which stand for the universe) lumalayo ang mga botones (which stand for the galaxies). Ngayon kung lumilipas ang mga araw at papalaki ng papalaki ang universe (the universe is expanding), ang tanong ngayon is “ano ang hitsura ng universe if we go back in time?
William Lane Craig says, “As you trace this expansion back in time the universe goes denser and denser and denser (mas siksik) until finally the entire known universe is contracted down to a state of infinite density which mark the beginning of the universe. At this point which cosmologist called the “Singularity” all matter and energy, physical space and time themselves came into being. This literally represent the origin of the universe from nothing”.
View attachment 304618
Hoes does the expanding universe prove a beginning? Think about this way: if we could watch a video recording of the history of the universe in reverse, we would see all matter in the universe collapse back to a point, not the size of a basketball, not the size of a golf ball, not even the size of a pinhead, but mathematically and logically to a point that is actually nothing (no space, no time, and no matter). In other words, once there was nothing, and then, BANG, there was something – the entire universe exploded into being!
Physicist have theorized that the universe is getting bigger now but when rewind we can take the universe back as it shrink and shrink (paliit ng paliit) to 13 Billion years ago when the universe is very very small and by using this they came up with the theory of the Big Bang, the belief that the universe began in a colossal explosion a finite time ago.
Putting an expanding universe in reverse leads us back to the point where the universe gets smaller and smaller until it vanishes into nothing. Based on such measurements, it has been calculated that the universe may be 13 billion years old (some say 15 billion).
Physicist Stephen Weinberg says; “In the beginning there was an explosion like those familiar on Eath....[It was] an explosion which occurred simultaneously everywhere, filling all space from the beginning with every particle of matter rushing apart from each other particle”.
Theoretical physicist Paul Davies wrote, “These days most cosmologists and astronomers back the theory that there was indeed a creation...when the physical universe burst into existence in an awesome explosion popularly known as the Big Bang. Whether one accepts all the details or not, the essential hypothesis – that there was some sort of creation – seems, from the scientific point of view, compelling.”
Hawking agrees. “Almost every one now believes that the universe, and time itself, had a beginning at the Big Bang.”
Only one conclusion is evident: The universe had a beginning. As physicist Alexander Vilenkin stated, “It is said that an argument is what convinces reasonable men and a proof is what it takes to convince even an unreasonable man. With the proof now in place, cosmologists can no longer hide behind the possibility of a past-eternal universe. There is no escape, they have to face the problem of a cosmic beginning.”
Ang tanong ngayon is “What cause the universe into existence (Space, Time, Mater and Energy)?
Since the universe can't cause itself, it's cause must be beyond the space-time universe. If the universe is characterized by Space, Time, Mater and Energy, the cause must be Spaceless, Timeless, Immaterial, Uncaused and unimaginably Powerful must like _ _ _?
View attachment 304619
